Submarine boat



' 0. FLAIVIIVI.

SUBMARINE BOAT.

APPLICATION FILED MAY 6, I92I.

Patented sept. 26, 1922.

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n b f Patented Sept., 2G53, i922.

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oswALn FLAMM, or NoonAssEE, NEAR EERLIN, GERMANY. i

sum/[Armin BOAT.

Application le. May 6,

two respects: on the one hand the diameter of the pressure body grows sothat the water, in which the submarine is still able to travel and toimmerse, must be rather deep: further with the increasing diameter ofthe circle of the pressure body at a given depth of immersion thethickness of the wall of the pressure body and the strength of the ribsand other stiffenings built inthe body increase, and lastly it is verydesirable l.

in regard to the stability under water to arrange the Vcentre ofdisplacement of the pressure lbody as high as possible in the ship. Theattempts to reduce the draught have frequently been made by theprovision of ani elliptical cross section ofthe pressure receiving bodywith the maj praxis inthe horizontal plane. But as is'known this has thedisadvantage of considerably enlarging the constructional parts of thepressure body,

moreover nothing is gained with regard to the position of height ofthecentre of dis-` placement of the pressure body, `which remains at halfthe height of the vertical axis of the ellipse.

It has previously been proposed to construct the hull of a submarine orother boat with a series of cylindrical or partly cylindrical closedcompartments which are filled with air or gas at a pressure greaterthanv atmospheric pressure to assist in resisting the external pressureon the hull. Two or more of such compartments may be arrangedsymmetrically side by side or four of such compartments formed of tubeseach of which is a little more than a half tube that is slightly morethan a semicircle, may be arranged symmetrically in superimposed partson each side of the keel, the edges of the tubes at the ends of thechords of the arcs being connected by horizontal and vertical ties, inthe form of a cross, the compartments being thus arranged around arectangle formed by the chords of said arcs. IIhese compartments areintended to be used as cargo holds.

1921. l Serial No. 467,439.

The object of my invention is to provide a construction of theA hull ofa submarine which will be of a greater strength for a given weight anddisplacement thank the singie circular or elliptical shell and yby theutilization of a small radius of curvature of the pressure body for thescantlings, to obtain the advantage ofy stability and shallow draughtfor submarines of any desired dimensions. According to the presentinvention this'is attained by forming the pressure body of singlecircular arches or the like, set oneupon each ofthe sides of a triangleor a polygon in section which may. form the corresponding girders.

In forming'thecross section of the presn surefbody in such a way it ispossible, according to the number, distribution, and the extent oftheradiusof'fthe arches of the cross section, to influence according tochoice the position of-height ofthe centrey of displacement and'gravityfor the stability, to reduce the draught, and to decrease the strengthofthe constructional parts.

lnorder to render my ,invention more easily understandable reference ishadto the accompanying drawings, in which F l il` lustrates a crosssection ofxa two shell submarine yboat according to this invention yandFig. 2 a cross section of a modification.

In sucha 'construction eachpart of the pressure body consists in itscross section of a circlevwith small radius of curvature dea scribedover the side of the triangle or polygon. `ln this casey the sides ofthe polygon, formed as a triangle,ymay be chosenl at 'will according tothe dimensions and the other conditions to kbe fulfil-led by the boat.Accordingly an `iscsceles triangle with a narrow base line andwith theapex uppermost may be chosen and semicircles or the like forthe parts ofthe pressure body described' over and above the sides, or a broad baseline may beselected and the semicirclesL or the like described over thesides. lnthis case the centres of the circles lie on the sides of thetriangle. But. it is also possible for iniiuenc-` that the side of thetriangle or polygon, re-

spectively also forms a chord, but in the outer semi'circle, and finallyboth arrangements may be combined in one and the same boat as, forinstance, is shown inthe igures.

If the cross section is formed of more, than three arcs the constructionis based upon a four, live, or more cornered polygon.

`The centres of the arcs may be disposed on the sides of the polygon,outside or inside the polygon.

Referring to Fig. 1 the cross section of the pressure body `is composedof three circles, 1, 2 and 3, which are symmetrically displayed oneither side ot the vertical axis a-b of the submarine.

The construction of the circles is based upon a geometrical triangle,1i, 5 and 6, with its apex 7 uppermost and its corners, '8, 9, on thebottom. The centre of the lower circle 1 is located at 10 within thetriangle, and the centres ot the upper circles, 2 and 3, are located at11 and 12 respectively outside of the triangle.

By such a shape it would be possible, for example, at a given volume ofthe pressure body to raise the centre of displacement, to lower thecentre of gravity owing to the greater scantlings ot the lower circle,and thus to improve the stability of the submariney body and at the sametime diminish the draught. In spite of this the thicknessof the wallsrequired for the shell plating of such a pressure receiving body wouldbe smaller than that required for a pressure body of a simple circularform. Then armouring the over-water parts voi. the submarine boats, andyemploying heavy guns positioned on deck, the higher position of thecentre of displacement of the pressure receiving body is most important.At the same time the lowering of the centre of gravity of the pressurereceiving body shell by the light construction of thel upper part (smallradius of curvature) and thes'omewhat greater width of the wall of theunder part may be simultaneously obtained it for the purpose ofdiminishing the draught the centre of the circle forming the `under sideis placed within the triangle'or the polygon (greater radius ofcurvature).

Fig. 1 represents a cross section of a double shell submarine boat, thepressure body ot' which is surrounded by a second shell 13 connected upwith the pressure receiving body by means of stil'l'eners, 141, 15, inthe decl: oi the boat. rIhe shell 13 is not necessary at all and may beomitted if, for instance, single shell boats are to be built. The shell13 forms no part of the invention. On the junction points ot the arcschannels are formed.

In order that the water in the upper channel between the circular archesmay rapidly escape when the boat rises over and above the water level itis advisable to provide properly arranged draining pipes, which may lbetted with controlling valves.

According to the modification shown in Fig. Qthe junctions of the arcmembers are connected up by stiiiteners, 16, 17, 18, which, as mayeasily be seen, follow the lines of the supposed triangle forming thebasis of construction for the arcs of the pressure receiving body.

These girders advantageously support the construction of the pressurereceiving body as they form stiienings between the junction points ofthe arcs. T he girders 17 and 18 may be advantageously embodied asdraining pipes by being made hollow.

I claim as my invention 1. In a submarine boat the arrangement of theshell plating which iiorms the pressure body of the submarine andconsists ot a number of singlecircular arcs disposedl one over each ofthe sides of a triangle, the provision of a girder construction, thegirders following the sides' of the triangle and torming drainingappliances'iior leading olif the water collected in the upper channel ofthe rising submarine boat, substantially as described.

2. In a submarine boat the arrangement of the shell plating which formsthe pres-- sure body of the submarine'comprising a number of singlecirculararcs disposed one over each side of a triangle, substantially asdescribed.

8. A submarine boat comprising pressure chamber having a cross sectionmade up of a plurality of circular arcs the chords oft which form thesides of a triangle.

In testimony whereof I atlixed my signa ture in the presence or' twowitnesses. USW/TALI) FLAMM. Witnesses:

VIFU M. LUI-HN, D. RICHARD GUIN'rnn.

